Doctrine's Philosophy of Al-Razi

Al-Razi is a pure rationalist. He believes in reason, and in reason alone. In medicine, his clinical studies reveal a very solid method of investigation based on observation and experimentation. In Kitab al-Faraj ba'd al-Shiddah by al-Tanukhi (d. 384/994) and Chahar Maqalah of Nizami `Arudi Samar¬qandi written abo…

Abu Bakr al-Razi : His Life and Works

According to al-Biruni,1 Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya ibn Yahya al¬-Razi was born in Rayy on the first of Sha`ban in the year 251/865. In his early life, he was a jeweller (Baihaqi), money-changer (Ibn Abi Usaibi'ah), or more likely a lute-player (Ibn Juljul, Said, Ibn Khallikan, Usaibi'ah, al-Safadi) who fi…

Philosophy And Religion in Al-Kindi's Thought

Al-Kindi directed Muslim philosophy towards an accord between philosophy and religion.14 Philosophy depends on reason, and religion relies on revelation. Logic is the method of philosophy; faith, which is belief in the realities mention¬ed in the Qur'an as revealed by God to His Prophet, is the way of religion. Fr…

Doctrines Philosophy of Al-Kindi

It was due to al-Kindi that philosophy came to be acknowledged as a part of Islamic culture. The early Arab historians called him “the Philosopher of the Arabs” for this reason. It is true that he borrowed his ideas from Neo¬-Platonic Aristotelianism, but it is also true that he put those ideas in a new context. By co…

Al-Kindi : His Life and Works

Al-Kindi (c. 185/801- c. 260/873) was the first Muslim philosopher. Philo¬sophical studies in the second/eighth century were in the hands of Christian Syriacs, who were primarily physicians. They started, through encourage¬ment by the Caliph, to translate Greek writings into Arabic. Being the first Arab Muslim to stud…

Ibn Miskawaih : Doctrines of Philosophy

FIRST PHILOSOPHYThe most important part of Miskawaih's philosophical activity is dedicated to ethics. He is a moralist in the full sense of the word. Three important books of his on ethics have come down to us: (1) Tartib al-Sa`adah, (2) Tahdhib al-Akhlaq, and (3) Jawidan Khirad.Miskawaih's al-Fauz al-Asghar i…